Pasteurella multocida (PM)

Pasteurella multocida(PM)is a kind of bacteria can cause disease in poultry, especially birds cholera. The disease poses a serious threat to the poultry industry because it is an acute, contact septicemic infectious disease that can spread rapidly and cause high mortality.

Pasteurella multocida mode of transmission

Poultry mainly through multiple kill pasteurella poultry transmission of the mouth, nose and conjunctival secretions, the secretion can pollute the environment, especially in feed and drinking water. In addition, contaminated cages and feeding tanks can also serve as vectors for transmitting the pathogen. Although transmission by egg is relatively rare, but chronic infected poultry is still the main source of infection.

Pasteurella multocida clinical symptoms

Pasteurella multocida infection of clinical symptoms of chicken and varies according to the pathogenicity of the pathogen resistance. In general, can be divided into three types of the most acute, acute and chronic. The symptoms of acute type may not be obvious, diseased chickens could suddenly died. Symptoms of the acute form include lassitude, loss of appetite, diarrhea, increased body temperature, and difficulty breathing. Symptoms of the chronic form include weight loss, listlessness, pallor of the crown, and swelling of the joints.

Pasteurella multocida prevention and control measures

In order to prevent the spread of Pasteurella multocida, should take a series of prevention and control measures. This includes improving feeding management, ensuring good hygiene conditions, and regular disinfection of poultry houses, sports fields, appliances, equipment, etc. In addition, immunization using vaccines is also an effective means of prevention. In the event of an outbreak, the sick birds should be immediately isolated, strictly disinfected, and the healthy birds in the same flock should be urgently vaccinated or treated.

Pasteurella multocida the clinical symptoms of infection

Pasteurella multocida infection, also known as the cholera, is a kind of caused by multiple kill pasteurella acute septic infectious diseases. The clinical signs of the disease vary depending on factors such as the species of animal infected, age, immune status, and environment, but typically include the following:

1. The most acute type: sick birds could suddenly death, no obvious symptoms, especially fat chicken is easier to appear this kind of circumstance.
2. Acute type: sick birds show depressed, loss of appetite, or waste, and increase in body temperature, water, difficulty breathing, nose and mouth out abnormal mucus, excrement (could be grey or green), cockscomb and caruncle cyanosis and other symptoms.
3. Chronic type: diseased possible joint swelling, claudication, breathing difficulties, such as chronic pneumonia, gastroenteritis symptoms.

In addition, the pathological changes may include the pericardial effusion, heart and inner and outer membrane petechiae, hepatomegaly, lung congestion, hemorrhage, inflammation of fibrinous exudate, duodenal mucosal hyperemia and ecchymosis, subcutaneous tissue, the place such as abdominal fat, intestinal serous hemorrhage spots, etc.

Please note that the above information is for reference only, actual symptoms may vary. If a bird is suspected to be infected with Pasteurella multocida, a veterinarian should be contacted promptly for confirmation and treatment.

Pasteurella multocida difference type of acute and chronic infection

Pasteurella multocida infection can be divided into acute and chronic two main forms. The main difference between them lies in the length of the course of the disease, severity of symptoms, and the characteristics of the pathological changes.

Acute type

• Symptoms: type of acute infection of chickens usually sudden onset of symptoms, including spirit is depressed, loss of appetite, or waste, and difficulty breathing, nose and mouth secretions increase, diarrhea, discharge, white water or green mucus feces, increased body temperature, comb and caruncle cyanosis, etc. A short course of disease, usually a few hours or days of death.
• Pathological changes: the autopsy visible body congestion, especially abdominal viscera of venous blood stasis, liver surface of edge neat gray big tip necrosis, pericardial effusion, the inner and outer membrane of the heart bleeding, pulmonary hemorrhage, edema, etc.

Chronic type

• Symptoms: type chronic infected chickens characterized by chronic pneumonia, chronic airway inflammation and chronic gastroenteritis and other symptoms. Sick chicken meat beard swelling may occur, joint swelling, claudication, respiratory secretions increase, diarrhea, weight loss, depression, etc. Long course of disease, can last more than a month, growth and egg production cannot recover for a long time.
• Pathological changes: the autopsy visible fibrous purulent effusion, necrosis or different degrees of fibrosis in various joints, toe pads, tendon sheath, mucosal tissue, the place such as airbags, middle ear and throat lung or bone marrow.

In the process of real diagnosis, doctors usually based on clinical symptoms and pathological changes to distinguish between acute and chronic infection. Diagnosis usually need combined with laboratory tests, such as bacterial culture and serological tests.

The transmission route of Pasteurella avium multocida

Pasteurella poultry kill sex is a bacteria can cause disease in poultry, the main route of transmission include:

1. Contact: Pasteurella multocida can be spread by direct contact, such as sick birds, so does birds, dead poultry or contaminated utensils, rats, flies, mosquitoes, dogs, etc. Management of sick birds can also be a medium, enter the health birdhouse with pathogens.
2. Spread the digestive tract: birds can kill sex pasteurella through contaminated feed and water into poultry body, cause infection.
3. Respiratory spread: Pasteurella multocida can through the respiratory tract secretions of diseased, such as cough, sneeze, spreads through the air, and other birds infected by inhaling contaminated aerosols.
4. Wound infection, Pasteurella multocida can also through the poultry body skin or the mucous membrane of the cut, cause infection.

In order to control the spread of Pasteurella multocida, should take appropriate biosecurity measures, such as regular cleaning and disinfection birdhouse, avoid the use of potentially contaminated water and feed, isolation and timely handling of diseased and dead birds, as well as to strengthen the monitoring and management of flocks. At the same time, to have infected flocks, should be timely treatment, in order to prevent the further spread of the disease.