Introduction to Variola virus 

Smallpox,is caused by the smallpox virus (Variola virus get) a highly infectious and deadly disease. According to historical records, the existence of smallpox can be traced back to ancient Egypt. In 1977, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that smallpox had been eradicated, making it the first infectious disease to be eradicated.

Route of transmission

The smallpox virus can be transmitted in two main ways:

1.  Droplet transmission : It is transmitted by droplets generated by breathing, coughing, sneezing, etc., especially in small, confined Spaces, it is easy to be infected by airborne transmission.

2.  contact communication: direct contact with patients with vitiligo patches (e.g., scabby, blister fluid, etc.), or indirect contact with respiratory secretions or herpes fluid contamination of clothing, towels, cutlery, etc.

preventive measure

1. isolating patients : The patients with strict isolation measures, and the patient's thorough disinfection, such as clothing, utensils, incineration when necessary.

2. Contact tracing : People who have been in contact with the patient are registered and quaranted, usually for 16 days, and vaccinated.

3.  traffic quarantine : Set up checkpoints on the roads, examine past personnel, in order to prevent the virus propagation along the line.

4. vaccination : Smallpox vaccine is the most effective method for the prevention of smallpox. Although smallpox has been announced, but still need to be vigilant, to prevent the virus.

Treatment

At present, and there is no specific treatment for smallpox, mainly symptomatic support and prevention of complications. During outbreaks, may be the use of antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir or phosphine formic acid sodium treatment.

Summary

Smallpox virus has caused huge impact to human society, although has been eliminated, but we still need to be vigilant, understand its transmission and preventive measures, so as to be able to react quickly when necessary. By isolating patients, contact tracing, a series of measures such as quarantine and vaccination traffic, we can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of smallpox.