Small ruminants virus (PPRV) profiles

Small Ruminants virus (Peste des Petits Ruminants virus comes, PPRV) is a kind of vice sticky virus of measles virus genera, mainly infect goats, sheep and other small Ruminants, cause small Ruminants, also known as small ruminant animal pseudo rinderpest, enteritis, stomatitis enteritis composite disease in a lung. Virus particles show pleomorphism, usually a rough spherical, virus particles is larger, the nuclear capsid for hollow screw rod, a capsule membrane. Virus in fetal kidney, fetal lamb and sheep testicular cells, Vero cells on the new lambs proliferation, and cell lesions (CPE), form a syncytium.

Pathogenic characteristics

Small ruminants virus and rinderpest virus have similar physical chemistry and immunological characteristics. Virus is sensitive to heat and ultraviolet radiation, strong acid, strong alkali, 50 ℃ 60 min can be inactivated, alcohol, ether, phenol, 2% NaOH and common disinfectant cleaner is effective.

epidemic

Small ruminants is mainly popular in parts of Africa, central and western Asia. PPR has been reported in a number of countries and regions around the world, posing a threat to the global sheep industry. In many countries around a massive outbreak or epidemic endemic, spread and spread of epidemic situation.

Route of transmission

Is mainly transmitted by direct contact, the eyes of the sick animals nasal secretions, saliva, urine, feces, polluted water, chute, bedding, etc can become a source of infection. Viruses can be transmitted through respiratory tract, more during the dry cold spring.

clinical signs and symptoms

Small ruminants incubation period is 4 ~ 5 d, longest 21 d. Infected animals clinical symptoms like fever, body temperature goes up to 41 ℃, and for 3 ~ 5 d. Depressed disease with spirit, loss of appetite, nasal cavity and the mouth is full of mucus, and even the nostril jams, breath not free. Universality of the oral mucosa ulcer, large salivate, may sometimes conjunctivitis (and even blindness). Late often appear with blood watery diarrhea and dehydration, angular, with hypothermia; The cough, respiratory abnormalities, death within 5 ~ 10 d.

Pathological changes

Sick animals on the lower jaw and tongue are erosive damage, and swollen gums, abomasum often appear debaucjed of hemorrhagic spot. Mesenteric have haemorrhage, such as intestinal visible erosion or hemorrhage. In the ileum cecum junction can be observed in hemorrhagic a zebra stripes sometimes; Mesenteric lymph nodes, lung door bleeding swollen lymph nodes, lung specimens in lesions or cheese lesion, myocardial hemorrhage.

Diagnostic methods

Laboratory diagnosis methods include serological detection and etiology. Serological detection can adopt competitive ELISA and indirect ELISA method. Etiology detection include AGAR gel immunodiffusion, antigen capture ELISA and real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, ordinary reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and so on. The PCR products measurement can be carried out virus nucleic acid sequence classification.

Prevention and control measures

There is no special treatment, the emphasis is on prevention and control. Live sheep dispatching supervision should be strengthened, restrict susceptible animal movement, pays special attention to the epidemic area, and high risk during the immune prevention and control, strengthen the epidemic monitoring report and border regions. The outbreak of the presence of risk, strengthen environmental and housing and sanitation, it is strictly prohibited to imported from the epidemic area and sheep, and for a sheep to quarantine. Suspicious cases, should report to the local veterinary department in a timely manner.

conclusion

Small ruminants virus is a cause serious infection of the virus to small ruminants, its popular shows its worldwide distribution and transmission. Characteristics, clinical symptoms and pathological changes of the virus reveals the potential threat of animal health and aquaculture. The diversity of diagnostic method for virus detection provides the effective tool, and the implementation of the prevention and control measures is the key to prevent the spread of the virus. The future need to pay more attention to study virus and pathogenic mechanism of molecular biology, in order to better understand the behavior of the virus, and develop effective vaccines and treatments.