The horse streptococcus summary of animal disease subspecies (SEZ)

Horse Streptococcus animal disease subspecies (Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus, SEZ), old called animal disease Streptococcus, is a kind of important animal pathogens, inflammation and sepsis can cause a variety of livestock. It is usually found in the skin, respiratory tract, tonsil and genital tract. The horse is the most susceptible animals, can cause uterine inflammation, miscarriage or infertility; Cow mastitis may occur; Sheep, pigs and poultry may suffer from the influence of septic disease. The bacteria can be formed after natural rehabilitation of immunity, and weak domestic r&d streptococcus poisonous plants have certain immune effect.

Pathogenic characteristics

SEZ belongs to bacterium of group C group of beta hemolytic streptococcus, have a variety of virulence factors, such as class M protein binding protein, fiber combination element binding protein, IgG, metal combination of lipoprotein, streptokinase and hyaluronic acid capsule, etc. The virulence factor of synergy, to enhance the bacteria invasion ability and the ability to evade host defense mechanism. Class M protein, for example, can prevent the activation of host immune system, whereas streptokinase bacteria can help dissolve the host organization, so that the spread of the bacteria.

epidemic

The prevalence of SEZ have reported around the world, especially in the breeding of intensive areas. In China, the SEZ is one of the main pathogen of swine streptococcus disease, can cause serious diseases, such as meningitis, septicemia, arthritis, endocarditis, and sudden death. Due to the SEZ pose potential threats to health related practitioners, therefore is of great significance for its research and prevention and control.

Route of transmission

SEZ transmission is primarily spread by direct contact or droplets. Secretions and excretions of infected animals contain a large number of bacteria, when other animals exposed to these substances, infections may occur. In addition, may also be passed to humans through contact with contaminated environment or item SEZ and infection.

clinical signs and symptoms

Clinical symptoms of exposure to the SEZ diversity, from mild infections to severe disease and even death is possible. In horse, the common is metritis, miscarriage or infertility; In cattle, in the form of mastitis. Sheep and pigs could show the septic symptoms, including fever, depression, loss of appetite, muscle pain and difficulty breathing. Human infections are usually characterized by local infection or systemic infection, severe cases may require hospitalization.

Pathological changes

SEZ infection caused by pathological changes depending on the type and the infection of infected animals. In the womb of the horse, may result in mucosal inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis, triggering uterine inflammation. In the bovine mammary gland, can cause mastitis, mammary gland swelling, pain and pus formation. In other animals and humans, the SEZ infection can cause a wide range of tissue injury and inflammation.

Diagnostic methods

SEZ diagnosis relies mainly on the bacterial culture, PCR detection and serological detection. Bacteria can be isolated from diseased tissue or fluid in the SEZ, PCR detection can be achieved by specific primers and probe to detect DNA or RNA of SEZ, and serological detection using ELISA or other immune chromatography technology to detect the host for the SEZ antibodies.

Prevention and control measures

At present, for the prevention and control measures of SEZ mainly include vaccination and antibiotics. Although already on the market a variety of vaccines to prevent group C streptococcus, but their immune protection effect is not always satisfactory. Therefore, the research and development of safer and more efficient vaccine has been the focus of research. In the laboratory environment, has passed the immune proteomics method selected some potential value of vaccine candidate proteins, and immune efficacy testing in animal models.

To sum up, the horse streptococcus animal disease subspecies (SEZ) is a kind of important animal pathogens, virulence mechanisms with complex and diverse clinical manifestations. To understand the epidemiological characteristics of its, route of transmission, and diagnosis methods for effective prevention and control is very important. At present, vaccine and antibiotic treatment are the main prevention and treatment methods for SEZ. However, with the deepening of scientific research, people's understanding of SEZ is more and more comprehensive, and new prevention and treatment strategies are constantly being developed.